The red area seen in the figure is the Levant. In modern day geopolitical borders, it includes Palestine/Israel, parts of Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia. 
The region served as a crossroads for important trade routes connecting Africa, Asia, and Europe. This made it a vital hub for the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures. With the Mediterranean Sea to the west and the Red Sea to the south, the location provided access to maritime trade routes. Coastal cities, such as Jaffa, were important ports facilitating trade and communication. 
In addition to trade, this area was known as the Fertile Crescent, due to it being agriculturally rich. To this day, Palestinians in the area are known as farmers and known for their quality Olive oil. 
The availability of arable land and suitable climate also contributed to the development of settled civilizations. The diverse cultural influences in the region contributed to a rich tapestry of ideas, languages, and technologies. This cultural exchange facilitated intellectual and technological advancements.
Moreover, during biblical time, the region became even more desirable as it was considered a Holy Land by the Abrahamic religions. The cultural and religious importance of the region has attracted both pilgrims and conquerors throughout history. It is, then, to no surprise that the region's location made it susceptible to migrations and invasions by various groups, including the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans and more. The control of the Holy Land often played a role in the expansion or contraction of these empires.

With the large number of groups/conquerors/migrants to settle in the region across thousands of years, it is practically impossible to trace a modern day person's linage to one of the groups who passed through the region. 
I would argue that even in ancient times you wouldn't be able to trace a person's linage as these groups interacted with each constantly.